The principal ingredient in hummus is chickpeas, also known as garbanzo beans. These legumes are mashed and blended with additional ingredients like tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, garlic, and spices to create the creamy, nutritious dip that is popular in Middle Eastern cuisine. Chickpeas not only provide the base for hummus but also contribute protein, fiber, and various vitamins, making it a healthy choice for a snack or accompaniment to meals. The versatility of hummus allows for different flavor variations and ingredients, catering to diverse tastes and preferences.