The primary type of grape used for wine production is the Vitis vinifera species, which includes many classic varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir. These grapes are cultivated in vineyards across the world and are selected for their qualities that contribute to the wine's flavor, aroma, and aging potential. The terroir—soil, climate, and geographical conditions—greatly influences how these grapes develop. Winemakers employ various vinification techniques to transform the grapes into wine, leading to the vast diversity of wines available, ranging from dry to sweet and red to white, each showcasing unique characteristics based on the grape variety.