The primary purpose of a microphone is to convert sound waves into electrical signals. This electro-acoustic transducer is used in various applications, including recording audio, broadcasting, and amplifying sound. When sound waves hit the diaphragm of the microphone, it vibrates, creating variations in electrical current that correspond to the sound's frequency and amplitude. These electrical signals can then be processed, amplified, or recorded. Microphones come in various types, such as dynamic, condenser, and ribbon, each designed for specific sound qualities and applications, making them essential in music production, communication, and public speaking.