The primary method of waste disposal in urban areas is landfill disposal, where garbage and refuse are collected and buried underground. Landfills are designed to contain waste, minimizing its environmental impact. However, in many urban settings, waste management systems may also include recycling, composting, and waste-to-energy technologies that convert organic waste into energy. Modern urban waste management increasingly emphasizes sustainability, aiming to reduce landfill use and promote recycling and resource recovery to lessen the burden on the environment and conserve resources.