The primary ingredient in vanilla extract is vanilla beans, specifically the pods from the Vanilla planifolia orchid. These beans undergo a complex extraction process that involves soaking them in a mixture of alcohol and water, which allows the aromatic compounds to leach into the liquid. This creates the rich, sweet, and aromatic flavor profile associated with vanilla extract. The quality of vanilla extract can vary significantly based on the source of the beans and the extraction process used. Pure vanilla extract is highly valued in cooking and baking for its ability to enhance the flavors of a variety of dishes.