The primary ingredient in traditional Italian pesto is basil. This fragrant herb is key to achieving the distinctive flavor profile of pesto, which hails from the Liguria region of Italy. In traditional recipes, fresh basil leaves are blended with pine nuts, garlic, Parmesan cheese, and olive oil to create a thick, vibrant sauce. The ingredients are usually ground together using a mortar and pestle, although modern variations may use a food processor. Pesto can be used in various dishes, such as pasta, sandwiches, pizzas, or as a flavor enhancer for meat and vegetables, making it a versatile staple in Italian cuisine.