The primary ingredient in beer is malted barley. This grain undergoes a malting process, where it is soaked in water, germinated, and then dried. The process develops enzymes that convert the grain's starches into fermentable sugars during brewing. Besides malted barley, beer also typically contains hops, yeast, and water. Hops provide bitterness to balance the sweetness of the malt, while yeast ferments the sugars, producing alcohol and carbonation. Various types of malt and hops can alter the flavor, aroma, and color of the beer, resulting in the diverse range of beer styles enjoyed worldwide.