The primary gas found in the atmosphere of Venus is carbon dioxide (about 96.5%), making up the majority of its thick, toxic atmosphere. This dense carbon dioxide layer creates an extreme greenhouse effect, resulting in surface temperatures averaging around 467 degrees Celsius (872 degrees Fahrenheit). Additionally, Venus's atmosphere contains trace amounts of nitrogen and clouds of sulfuric acid, which contribute to its uniformity and reflectivity. This hostile environment makes Venus the hottest planet in the solar system and poses significant challenges for spacecraft and landers exploring the planet, as they must withstand intense pressure and corrosive conditions.