The primary flavor in a Caesar salad dressing is anchovy. Traditional Caesar dressing typically includes anchovy paste or whole anchovies, garlic, Dijon mustard, lemon juice, egg yolk, olive oil, and parmesan cheese. The anchovies provide a savory depth of flavor and umami that distinguishes Caesar salad from other salads. While some variations may exclude anchovies or substitute them with other ingredients, the classic Caesar dressing is known for its rich, creamy texture and the balance of tangy and salty flavors, making it a beloved choice for many salad enthusiasts.