The primary component of the human skull is bone, specifically cranial bones that protect the brain. The skull consists of several bones that are fused together, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. These bones provide structural support, protect the brain from injury, and house the facial features. The skull also forms the structure for the jaw, which is critical for feeding and communication. Overall, it's a vital framework that plays a significant role in human anatomy.