The primary component of a battery is an electrochemical cell, which typically contains two electrodes: an anode and a cathode, separated by an electrolyte. The anode is the negative terminal, where oxidation occurs, releasing electrons, while the cathode is the positive terminal, where reduction takes place, absorbing electrons. This flow of electrons between the electrodes creates an electric current that powers devices. In common batteries, such as alkaline or lithium-ion batteries, various materials are used for electrodes and electrolytes to optimize energy storage and discharge, contributing to their capacity and performance in electronic devices.