The order of the planets in the solar system from the sun is as follows: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. This sequence reflects their proximity to the Sun, which is the central star of our solar system. Mercury, being the closest planet, has a brief orbital period, while Neptune, the farthest from the Sun, takes the longest time to orbit. Each planet has unique characteristics, ranging from the rocky terrestrial planets, like Mercury and Earth, to the gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, and the ice giants, Uranus and Neptune.