The writer who penned 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' is Mark Twain. Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1835, Twain is considered one of America’s greatest authors. 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,' published in 1876, tells the story of a young boy growing up along the Mississippi River, engaging in various adventures with his friends. Twain's writing is celebrated for its vivid portrayal of American life and heart, humor, and sharp social commentary. His other notable works include 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' and 'The Prince and the Pauper.' Twain's influence on literature is profound and enduring, often seen as a critical voice reflecting American society.