The name of the statistical study of populations is demography. Demography encompasses the analysis of population dynamics, including size, distribution, density, and growth rates, as well as the characteristics of populations such as age, gender, ethnicity, and migration patterns. Demographers use various statistical techniques and models to assess and predict trends in population changes over time, which can inform public policy, social planning, and economic development. Understanding demographic patterns is crucial for addressing issues such as resource allocation, healthcare planning, and urban development, making demography an essential field of study in both social sciences and applied research.