The pigment that gives skin its color is called melanin. Produced by special cells known as melanocytes, melanin plays a crucial role in determining skin, hair, and eye color. There are different types of melanin, including eumelanin (brown and black) and pheomelanin (red and yellow), which contribute to the variety of human pigmentation. Sunscreen use is essential for protecting skin against UV radiation, as excessive exposure can lead to skin damage or increase the risk of skin cancer. Overall, melanin helps protect against harmful effects of sun exposure while influencing an individual's appearance and genetic heritage.