The organ that produces insulin in the human body is the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by secreting insulin, a hormone that facilitates glucose uptake by cells. When there is a deficiency in insulin production, it can lead to conditions such as diabetes. The pancreas also has an exocrine function, where it aids in digestion by producing digestive enzymes. Its dual role in both the endocrine and digestive systems makes it a vital organ for maintaining overall health.