The name of the mythological Greek hero who performed twelve labors is Heracles, known in Roman mythology as Hercules. Heracles was a demigod, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and he is renowned for his exceptional strength and bravery. The twelve labors were a series of challenging tasks that Heracles had to complete as penance for killing his wife and children in a fit of madness, induced by Hera, Zeus's wife. These labors included feats like slaying the Nemean Lion, capturing the Golden Hind of Artemis, and retrieving the three-headed dog Cerberus from the Underworld. Heracles' adventures highlight themes of heroism, redemption, and the struggle against overwhelming odds.