The literary device that gives human traits to animals is called "personification." Personification is a figure of speech in which human qualities, emotions, or actions are attributed to non-human entities, including animals, inanimate objects, or abstract concepts. This technique is often used in literature and storytelling to create relatable characters, enhance emotional connection, and convey deeper meanings. By personifying animals, authors can explore themes of morality, society, and human nature in a creative and engaging way, as seen in fables, fairy tales, and animated films.