The layer of gases surrounding Earth is known as the atmosphere. It is composed of various gases, primarily nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%), along with small amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. The atmosphere plays a vital role in supporting life, regulating temperature, and protecting the planet from solar radiation and meteoroids. It consists of several layers, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere, each characterized by different temperature gradients and phenomena. The atmosphere also influences weather patterns and climate.