The famous wall that separated East and West Berlin is known as the Berlin Wall. Erected in 1961 during the Cold War, it served as a physical and ideological barrier between the communist East and the democratic West. The Berlin Wall became a symbol of division, restricting movement for residents of East Berlin wanting to escape to the West. Its fall in 1989 marked a significant moment in history, symbolizing the end of the Cold War and the reunification of Germany, leading to broader changes in Europe.