The desert that covers much of northern Africa is known as the Sahara Desert. It is the largest hot desert in the world, spanning approximately 9.2 million square kilometers (3.6 million square miles). The Sahara features a diverse landscape that includes sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and gravel plains. It significantly influences the climate and ecosystem of North Africa, creating extreme conditions with high temperatures during the day and cold nights. Despite its harsh environment, various adaptations have allowed for some flora and fauna to thrive, and indigenous peoples have historically inhabited the region, showcasing resilience in this challenging terrain.