The ancient civilization that built Stonehenge is often referred to as the Neolithic or prehistoric peoples of Britain. These communities thrived around 3000 BC and were responsible for constructing megalithic structures, including Stonehenge, which served both ceremonial and astronomical functions. The precise purposes of Stonehenge remain debated, but it is widely believed to have been a site for rituals and possibly a calendar aligned with solstices and equinoxes, reflecting the advanced social and spiritual beliefs of these early inhabitants. Archaeological studies and radiocarbon dating have provided insight into this complex society and their monumental achievements.