The ancient city that was buried under volcanic ash in 79 AD is Pompeii. Located near the modern city of Naples in Italy, Pompeii was a bustling Roman city until the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The eruption released a torrent of ash and pumice, which buried the city, preserving it remarkably well under layers of volcanic material. Archaeological excavations commenced in the 18th century, revealing intact buildings, frescoes, and artifacts that provide invaluable insights into daily life in ancient Rome. Pompeii serves not only as a historical site but also as a reminder of nature's power and unpredictability.