The name of the ancient city that was buried by a volcanic eruption in 79 AD is Pompeii. Located near modern-day Naples in Italy, Pompeii was a thriving Roman city that was suddenly engulfed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The intense heat and ash preserved the city under layers of volcanic material, preserving buildings, artifacts, and even human remains. Archaeological excavations began in the 18th century and have provided profound insights into daily life in ancient Rome, making Pompeii a crucial site for historians and a popular tourist destination today.