The imaginary line that divides the Earth into northern and southern hemispheres is called the Equator. This line is situated equidistant from the North and South Poles, serving as a geographical reference point for latitude. The Equator is significant in understanding climate, as regions located near it typically experience more consistent temperatures and abundant rainfall due to increased sunlight. Additionally, this line plays a crucial role in geography for navigation and mapping. Recognizing the Equator is essential for studies related to environmental science, ecology, and global geography.