The main type of energy captured during photosynthesis is light energy, specifically from sunlight. During this process, plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. This occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight. The energy captured is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through a series of biochemical reactions. The glucose produced serves as a vital source of energy for the plant and, ultimately, for the entire food chain, while the oxygen is released as a byproduct, playing a crucial role in supporting life on Earth.