The main ingredient used to make beer is malted barley, which is typically the most common grain used. Malted barley undergoes a process called mashing, where it is mixed with hot water to allow enzymes to convert starches into sugars. This sugary liquid, called wort, is then boiled with hops for flavor and aroma before yeast is added for fermentation. The yeast consumes the sugars and produces alcohol and carbon dioxide, resulting in the final product, beer. Other grains such as corn, rice, and wheat can also be used in brewing to achieve different flavors and styles of beer.