The main ingredient of beer is malted barley, although other grains such as wheat, corn, and rice can also be used. During the beer-making process, malted barley is mashed with hot water to extract fermentable sugars. These sugars are essential for fermentation, where yeast converts them into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The choice of malt can influence the beer's flavor, color, and body, making it a critical component in brewing. Hops, which add bitterness and aroma, along with yeast and water, are also vital in beer production. Overall, the balance of these ingredients results in diverse beer styles enjoyed worldwide.