The main ingredient in traditional falafel is ground chickpeas (also known as garbanzo beans). These legumes are often blended with herbs, spices, and other ingredients like garlic and onion to create a flavorful mixture. After forming the mixture into small balls or patties, they are typically deep-fried until crispy on the outside and tender on the inside. Falafel is a popular street food in many Middle Eastern countries and has gained international acclaim for its taste and vegetarian-friendly nature.