The main ingredient in a French ratatouille is eggplant, also known as aubergine. Ratatouille is a traditional Provençal vegetable dish that celebrates the flavors of summer produce. Alongside eggplant, the recipe typically includes tomatoes, zucchini, bell peppers, onions, and herbs such as thyme and basil. The vegetables are usually sautéed or roasted, allowing their flavors to meld together beautifully. While ratatouille can be served as a side dish, it also works well as a main course, especially when paired with crusty bread or rice. The dish is emblematic of rustic French cooking and showcases the freshness of seasonal ingredients.