The main component of the Earth's core is iron, which constitutes about 80% of its volume. The core is divided into two layers: the solid inner core and the liquid outer core. The inner core, under immense pressure and temperature, is primarily composed of crystalline iron and nickel, while the outer core consists of molten iron and other elements. This iron-rich core plays a crucial role in generating Earth's magnetic field through the dynamo effect, which results from the convection currents in the liquid outer core. Understanding the composition and behavior of the core is vital in geosciences.