The largest species of penguin is the Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri). These magnificent birds, native to Antarctica, can reach heights of up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) and weigh between 50 to 100 pounds (23 to 45 kilograms). Emperor penguins are known for their distinctive yellow-orange ear patches and their remarkable ability to withstand extreme cold temperatures during the harsh Antarctic winters. They are also unique among penguins for their breeding behavior; males incubate the eggs on their feet to keep them warm, while females venture out to feed. Their compelling life cycle and social structure make them fascinating subjects of study in the avian world.