The historical period that preceded the Renaissance is called the Middle Ages, often referred to as the Medieval period. This era lasted from approximately the 5th to the late 15th century and is characterized by significant social, political, and cultural changes in Europe. The Middle Ages saw the rise and fall of feudalism, the establishment of monarchies, and the expansion of the Catholic Church's influence. While often thought of as a time of stagnation in culture and science, the Middle Ages laid the groundwork for the Renaissance, with developments in art, literature, and philosophy that would see a flourishing of human thought and creativity.