The hardest known mineral on Earth is diamond. Composed of carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice structure, diamonds exhibit exceptional hardness, making them resistant to scratches and ideal for use in cutting tools and abrasives. The hardness of a mineral is measured on the Mohs scale, where diamond ranks at the top with a value of 10. This extraordinary property of diamonds has not only made them highly sought after in jewelry but has also led to their practical applications in industrial settings. Furthermore, diamonds are formed under immense pressure and temperature deep within the Earth’s mantle, contributing to their rarity and value.