The common name for the process of oil refining is simply "refining." This process involves separating crude oil into its various components, or fractions, through techniques such as distillation, hydrocracking, and catalytic cracking. Each component, or fraction, has different properties, allowing for the production of various petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and lubricants. Refining ensures that the crude oil is transformed into usable forms while removing impurities and contaminants. The efficiency and effectiveness of refining processes directly impact the quality and availability of petroleum products on the market.