The common name for the medical specialty that deals with the female reproductive system is "gynecology." Gynecology focuses on women's health, encompassing a wide range of conditions, from hormonal disorders to reproductive health issues, pregnancy, and menopause. Gynecologists are trained to perform routine exams, screenings, and various surgical procedures related to female reproductive health, including pap smears, biopsies, and hysterectomies. The field often overlaps with obstetrics, which specifically deals with pregnancy and childbirth. Together, these specialties play a vital role in women's healthcare, addressing both routine and complex health issues throughout a woman's life.