The common name for the infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is tuberculosis, often abbreviated as TB. This disease predominantly affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. TB is airborne and spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms may include a chronic cough, chest pain, fever, and weight loss. While TB can be treated with antibiotics, drug-resistant strains pose significant public health challenges. Global efforts to combat TB include vaccination, improved diagnostic techniques, and enhanced treatment protocols to reduce its prevalence and impact.