The common name for the fifth element in the periodic table is boron. It has the chemical symbol 'B' and is a metalloid, meaning it has properties of both metals and non-metals. Boron does not occur freely in nature but is found in compounds, primarily borates. It is important in various applications, including glass production, ceramics, agriculture, and as a semiconductor in electronics. Boron's unique properties contribute to its role in strengthening materials and in chemical reactions, making it a significant element in both industry and research.