The common name for the disease characterized by the presence of plaque in the arteries is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when cholesterol, fat, and other substances build up on the arterial walls, leading to narrowing and hardening of the arteries. This condition can restrict blood flow to various organs and tissues, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious cardiovascular issues. It often develops over many years and may not present any symptoms until a significant blockage occurs. Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy diet, exercising, and avoiding smoking.