The common name for the disease characterized by high blood sugar is diabetes. There are two main types: Type 1 diabetes, which is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and involves the pancreas producing little to no insulin; and Type 2 diabetes, which typically occurs in adults and is associated with insulin resistance. High blood sugar can lead to a range of serious health complications, including heart disease, nerve damage, and kidney problems. Management involves medication, insulin therapy, diet, and exercise to keep blood glucose levels within a healthy range.