The chemical symbol for magnesium is "Mg." This symbol is derived from the Latin name for magnesium, "magnesia." Magnesium is an essential mineral required for various physiological functions in the body, including muscle contractions, nerve function, and the synthesis of DNA and proteins. It can be found in numerous food sources, such as leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and whole grains. In addition to its critical roles in human health, magnesium is also important in industrial applications, such as in the production of alloys and in chemical processes.