The chemical formula for table sugar, also known as sucrose, is C12H22O11. This compound is a disaccharide made up of two simpler sugars, glucose and fructose, which are joined together through a glycosidic bond. Table sugar is widely used as a sweetener in various foods and beverages and plays a significant role in enhancing flavor. In terms of metabolism, sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose in the body, which can then be utilized as a source of energy for various physiological processes.