The chemical formula for sugar, specifically table sugar, is C12H22O11. This compound is known as sucrose, a disaccharide made up of two simple sugars: glucose and fructose. Sucrose occurs naturally in many plants, particularly in sugar cane and sugar beets, which are the main sources for commercial sugar production. Upon consumption, sucrose is broken down by the body into its constituent sugars for energy. While it is a common food source, excessive intake of sugar can lead to health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and dental problems, making moderation important in a balanced diet.