The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl. Sodium chloride is commonly known as table salt and consists of one sodium (Na) ion and one chloride (Cl) ion. It is an ionic compound formed through the chemical reaction between sodium and chlorine, where sodium donates an electron to chlorine, creating a stable bond. Sodium chloride is essential in various culinary applications, as it enhances flavor and acts as a preservative. Additionally, it plays significant roles in biological systems, such as regulating fluid balance and transmitting nerve impulses.