The chemical formula for nitrogen is \( \text{N}_2 \). This diatomic molecule consists of two nitrogen atoms bonded together. It makes up about 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere and is essential for various life processes. Nitrogen is a critical component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of life. While nitrogen gas is relatively inert and nonreactive at standard conditions, it can form numerous compounds with other elements, such as nitrates and ammonium, which play vital roles in biogeochemical cycles, agriculture, and industrial processes.