The capital city of Mongolia is Ulaanbaatar. Established in 1639, it has evolved over the centuries from a nomadic city to the modern capital it is today, serving as the political, cultural, and economic center of the country. Ulaanbaatar is home to about 1.5 million people, which constitutes nearly half of Mongolia's entire population. The city features a mix of traditional Mongolian culture and contemporary urban life, with iconic structures such as the Gandan Monastery and the Sukhbaatar Square. Ulaanbaatar's unique character reflects Mongolia's rich history and traditions.