The basic building block of life is called a "cell." Cells are the smallest units of life that can function independently and perform essential biological processes. They come in various forms, including prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) and eukaryotic cells (like those in plants and animals). Each cell contains organelles that carry out specific tasks, such as energy production, reproduction, and waste management. The study of cells, known as cell biology, helps researchers understand how life functions at a microscopic level, which is crucial for advancements in health, medicine, and biotechnology.