The ancient name of Iraq is **Mesopotamia**, which means "the land between the rivers" in Greek. This region is historically significant as it encompasses the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, often referred to as the cradle of civilization. Mesopotamia is known for the emergence of some of the world's first cities and empires, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. It was here that early writing systems like cuneiform were developed, and significant advancements in agriculture, mathematics, and astronomy occurred. Today, this rich heritage continues to influence culture and history in the region.