The study of Earth’s features and processes is known as geology. This scientific discipline explores the composition, structure, and physical processes of Earth, including the formation of rocks, minerals, and landforms. Geologists assess natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and erosion, along with the history of Earth through rock layers and fossil records. The field of geology encompasses various sub-disciplines including sedimentology, paleontology, and geochemistry, enabling scientists to understand not just the Earth’s past but also its present condition and potential future changes, including those influenced by human activities and climate change.