Crude oil is considered the most important fossil fuel. This naturally occurring liquid is primarily composed of hydrocarbons and is extracted from beneath the Earth's surface. Crude oil serves as a critical source of energy and is a key raw material for various products, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil, and petrochemicals used in plastics, fertilizers, and synthetic materials. Its significance in powering transportation, heating, and industrial processes makes it central to modern economies. However, reliance on crude oil raises environmental concerns, motivating the shift towards renewable energy sources.